Transient Detection and Modeling of Continuous Geodetic Data

Transient surface deformation has been observed by continuously operating Global Positioning System stations in the Puget Sound area during the past decade. This surface deformation is associated with processes occurring on or near the subducting plate boundary between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. This thesis is composed of two studies of transient deformation along the Cascadia plate margin and a discussion of the methodologies employed in these studies. We model one 7-week episode of transient deformation that occurred during 2003 beneath the Puget Sound area. Additionally, we utilize a combination of continuous Global Positioning System and seismic data to provide evidence for the occurrence of transient deformation in southern Cascadia. The remainder of the thesis focuses on the methodologies utilized in both identifying and modeling these episodes of transient deformation

Push und Pull in der Markenpolitik

Angesichts der hohen Komplexität von Entscheidungen in der Markenpolitik sehen sich Markenartikelhersteller vor der Herausforderung, Planungsinstrumente zu konzipieren, die sie bei der Entscheidungsfindung unterstützen und eine quantifizierbare Bewertung von Handlungsalternativen ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit hat sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung dieser Instrumente zu liefern. Hierbei wird die Tradition der bereits in den 70er Jahren intensiv diskutierten modelltheoretischen Ansätze fortgeführt und ein Simulationsmodell zur Planung von Markendurchsetzungsstrategien des Push und Pull entwickelt. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage des aufeinander abgestimmten Einsatzes des handels- und endabnehmerorientierten Marketinginstrumentariums. Den situativen Kontext zur Veranschaulichung der einzelnen Prozeßstufen bei der Entwicklung eines solchen Modells bildet der Privatkundenbereich des deutschen Reifenmarktes

Push und Pull in der Markenpolitik

Angesichts der hohen Komplexität von Entscheidungen in der Markenpolitik sehen sich Markenartikelhersteller vor der Herausforderung, Planungsinstrumente zu konzipieren, die sie bei der Entscheidungsfindung unterstützen und eine quantifizierbare Bewertung von Handlungsalternativen ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit hat sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung dieser Instrumente zu liefern. Hierbei wird die Tradition der bereits in den 70er Jahren intensiv diskutierten modelltheoretischen Ansätze fortgeführt und ein Simulationsmodell zur Planung von Markendurchsetzungsstrategien des Push und Pull entwickelt. Im Vordergrund steht die Frage des aufeinander abgestimmten Einsatzes des handels- und endabnehmerorientierten Marketinginstrumentariums. Den situativen Kontext zur Veranschaulichung der einzelnen Prozeßstufen bei der Entwicklung eines solchen Modells bildet der Privatkundenbereich des deutschen Reifenmarktes

Evolution of dike opening during the March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai\u27i

The 5–9 March 2011 Kamoamoa fissure eruption along the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i, followed months of pronounced inflation at Kīlauea summit. We examine dike opening during and after the eruption using a comprehensive interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data set in combination with continuous GPS data. We solve for distributed dike displacements using a whole Kīlauea model with dilating rift zones and possibly a deep décollement. Modeled surface dike opening increased from nearly 1.5 m to over 2.8 m from the first day to the end of the eruption, in agreement with field observations of surface fracturing. Surface dike opening ceased following the eruption, but subsurface opening in the dike continued into May 2011. Dike volumes increased from 15, to 16, to 21 million cubic meters (MCM) after the first day, eruption end, and 2 months following, respectively. Dike shape is distinctive, with a main limb plunging from the surface to 2–3 km depth in the up-rift direction toward Kīlauea’s summit, and a lesser projection extending in the down-rift direction toward Pu`u `Ō`ō at 2 km depth. Volume losses beneath Kīlauea summit (1.7 MCM) and Pu`u `Ō`ō (5.6 MCM) crater, relative to dike plus erupted volume (18.3 MCM), yield a dike to source volume ratio of 2.5 that is in the range expected for compressible magma without requiring additional sources. Inflation of Kīlauea’s summit in the months before the March 2011 eruption suggests that the Kamoamoa eruption resulted from overpressure of the volcano’s magmatic system

Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products

The Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope (GAGE) Facility Global Positioning System (GPS) Data Analysis Centers produce position time series, velocities, and other parameters for approximately 2000 continuously operating GPS receivers spanning a quadrant of Earth’s surface encompassing the high Arctic, North America, and Caribbean. The purpose of this review is to document the methodology for generating station positions and their evolution over time and to describe the requisite trade-offs involved with combination of results. GAGE GPS analysis involves formal merging within a Kalman filter of two independent, loosely constrained solutions: one is based on precise point positioning produced with the GIPSY/OASIS software at Central Washington University and the other is a network solution based on phase and range double-differencing produced with the GAMIT software at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. The primary products generated are the position time series that show motions relative to a North America reference frame and secular motions of the stations represented in the velocity field. The position time series themselves contain a multitude of signals in addition to the secular motions. Coseismic and postseismic signals, seasonal signals from hydrology, and transient events, some understood and others not yet fully explained, are all evident in the time series and ready for further analysis and interpretation. We explore the impact of analysis assumptions on the reference frame realization and on the final solutions, and we compare within the GAGE solutions and with others

Large-Scale Experiments on the Formation of Surface Vortices with and without Vortex Suppression

Experiments were carried out in a 50-m3 cylindrical tank to determine the influence of strong momentum on the formation of large-scale gas-core vortices. Gas-core lengths were measured for varying volume flow rates and submergence depths. The critical Froude numbers were also determined and the efficiency of different vortex suppressors on the gas-core formation was investigated. The horizontal velocity field inside the vortex core region was additionally recorded using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results were used to verify numerical simulations and compared to vortex models and correlations from literature.German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Project Number 02NUKO23

Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products

The Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope (GAGE) Facility Global Positioning System (GPS) Data Analysis Centers produce position time series, velocities, and other parameters for approximately 2000 continuously operating GPS receivers spanning a quadrant of Earth's surface encompassing the high Arctic, North America, and Caribbean. The purpose of this review is to document the methodology for generating station positions and their evolution over time and to describe the requisite trade-offs involved with combination of results. GAGE GPS analysis involves formal merging within a Kalman filter of two independent, loosely constrained solutions: one is based on precise point positioning produced with the GIPSY/OASIS software at Central Washington University and the other is a network solution based on phase and range double-differencing produced with the GAMIT software at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. The primary products generated are the position time series that show motions relative to a North America reference frame and secular motions of the stations represented in the velocity field. The position time series themselves contain a multitude of signals in addition to the secular motions. Coseismic and postseismic signals, seasonal signals from hydrology, and transient events, some understood and others not yet fully explained, are all evident in the time series and ready for further analysis and interpretation. We explore the impact of analysis assumptions on the reference frame realization and on the final solutions, and we compare within the GAGE solutions and with others.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (EAR-0350028